Pregnancy

1. Maternal Age: Advanced maternal age, typically defined as 35 years or older at the time of delivery, is associated with an increased risk of certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome. As a result, older pregnant women may be offered additional screening tests, including non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or invasive procedures like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis.
2. Family History: A family history of genetic conditions or birth defects may increase the risk of these conditions in future pregnancies. If there is a known family history of a specific genetic disorder, genetic counseling and targeted screenings may be recommended to assess the risk to the fetus.
3. Previous Pregnancy Complications: A history of previous pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or recurrent pregnancy loss, may indicate an increased risk for similar complications in subsequent pregnancies. Close monitoring and appropriate screenings can help detect and manage these risks.
4. Medical Conditions: Pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, or sexually transmitted infections, may require additional antenatal screenings and monitoring to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health.
5. Medications and Exposures: Certain medications, including those taken for chronic conditions or previous pregnancy complications, may pose risks to the developing fetus. Exposure to environmental toxins, teratogens, or harmful substances may also require additional screening to assess any potential effects on the baby.
6. Ethnicity and Family Origin: Certain genetic disorders have a higher prevalence in specific ethnic or geographic populations. Depending on the individual’s ethnic background or family origin, specific screening tests may be recommended to identify these conditions.
7. Multiple Pregnancy: Women carrying multiple fetuses (twins, triplets, etc.) have a higher risk of certain complications, such as preterm birth and gestational diabetes. Additional screenings and monitoring are often recommended for women with multiple pregnancies to manage these risks.

1. Pregnancy brings about various physical and emotional changes. While each pregnancy is unique, here are some common symptoms to be aware of:
   1. Missed periods: A missed menstrual period is often the first sign of pregnancy.
   2. Nausea and vomiting: Morning sickness, characterized by nausea and vomiting, particularly during the first trimester.
   3. Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted due to hormonal changes and increased energy demands.
   4. Breast changes: Swollen or tender breasts, darkening of the areolas, and enlarged veins.
   5. Frequent urination: Increased frequency of urination as the uterus expands and presses on the bladder.
   6. Mood swings: Hormonal fluctuations can cause mood swings, irritability, or emotional changes.
   7. Weight gain: Gradual weight gain throughout pregnancy is normal and necessary for the baby’s growth.
   8. Swelling: Mild swelling of the feet and ankles due to fluid retention.

Taking care of yourself and your growing baby is important during pregnancy. Here are some helpful tips for a healthy antenatal journey:

1. 1. Schedule regular prenatal check-ups: Attend all scheduled antenatal appointments to monitor the progress of your pregnancy, check the baby’s growth, and address any concerns.
   2. Eat a balanced diet: Consume a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and dairy products. Stay hydrated and avoid excessive caffeine and processed foods.
   3. Take prenatal vitamins: Prenatal vitamins, including folic acid, iron, and calcium, help support the baby’s development and fill any nutritional gaps.
   4. Stay active: Engage in regular low-impact exercises approved by your healthcare provider. Walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga can help maintain fitness and prepare your body for childbirth.
   5. Get adequate rest: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night and incorporate relaxation techniques to reduce stress and promote well-being.
   6. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before handling food, to reduce the risk of infections.
   7. Avoid harmful substances: Quit smoking, avoid alcohol and illicit drugs, and limit caffeine intake. These substances can harm your baby’s development.
   8. Manage stress: Seek emotional support, practice stress-management techniques, and consider joining antenatal classes or support groups to connect with other expectant parents.